HOW TO STOP PARASOMNIA

Person behaves abnormally while asleep, before falling asleep, or in between sleeping and being awake. Sleepwalking, sleep paralysis, and night terrors are always part of it. Nonetheless, some people believe that the person is awake even when they are not conscious and are sleeping. People with parasomnia does not remember what happened last night.

People often have parasomnia, but because of it, they don’t get good sleep. Because of this, the other people have trouble sleeping, too, because they are always woken up. Sometimes those who have parasomnia put themselves in harm’s way. Those who suffer from parasomnia experience mental strain. It is easy to reduce symptoms of parasomnia. Scientists saw changes in the brain between sleep and wakefulness, REM, and a lack of REM. Children are mostly suffer from parasomnia than adults.

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TYPES OF PARASOMNIA:

Some of the movements happen in NREM, and some of them happen in rapid eye movement.

Non-rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder:

  • Sleep walking: 

Move around when you’re under the influence of sleep. frequent occurrences observed. There have been reports of people talking and engaging in other activities while they were sleeping. It happens early in the night, it is also seen in the day while taking naps. Somnambulism is another name for sleepwalking.

  • Sleep talking: 

Conversations while one is unconscious In some circles, it is also referred to as somniloquy. Talking and mumbling that lasts longer. It does not matter what time of day it is; it can happen whenever it wants.

  • Groaning: 

Catethrenia is other name for groaning, which causes people to groan while they sleep. It happens when a person exhales out in a different manner. Other people hear different noises and they are as follows: roaring, loud buzzing and a high-pitched cracking sound. Snoring and groaning are two different problems. The sound of grunting does not indicate that there is an issue with breathing.

  • Nightmares: 

Dreams that make a person feel angry, worried, or scared when they wake up. If a person has frequent nightmares, they may be suffering from a condition known as nightmare disorder. The person cannot sleep again if he wakes up in the middle of the night. There is a possibility of having multiple nightmares in one single night. A disease characterised by rapid eye movement sleep best describes this condition.

  • Night terrors:

Jolt awake out of the deep sleep you were in due to your growing anxiety. It can remain for anywhere between thirty seconds and five minutes at a time. Night terrors shows physical symptoms, including sobbing, screams, rapid heartbeats, perspiration, and skin flushing. This is not something that occurs as a result of dreaming.

  • Bedwetting: 

There is another name for this condition, which is nocturnal enuresis. urinating when asleep in a sleep-deprived state of consciousness. observed in the vast majority of youngsters who are younger than six years old. It takes place when there is an increased amount of pee in the urinary bladder. It is possible for this to take place when a youngster has an infection in their urinary tract.

  • Confusional arousal: 

The person who is currently sleeping appears to have some level of confusion. Person doesn’t know where he is and what he is doing. Slurred speech, short term memory loss, crying and late reaction are signs seen in this condition.

  • Teeth grinding: 

Bruxism is other name for the condition in which a person grinds their teeth while sleeping. It’s possible that it will give you earaches, toothaches, and other aches and pains.

  • Sleep-related eating disorder: 

Consume large quantities of food and drink while you are asleep. This occurrence keeps on occurring. In this situation, people are seen eating meat that has not been cooked.

  • Rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (RBD)

Imagine that you are living out your dreams while you are asleep. Simply wake up, and you will already be aware of everything that occurred while you were unconscious. People can be seen grabbing, punching, kicking, jumping, and shouting, among other things.

Other parasomnias, Less common in people. It consists of:

Sleep texting: Sending a text message while sleeping

Exploding head syndrome: Hearing a sudden, loud noise in the head when sleeping or waking up

Sleep-related hallucinations: Hallucinations that can be seen, felt, or heard when sleeping or waking up.

Sleep-related Scratching occurs during sleep: You can see cuts, bleeding, and scratches when you wake up.

Sleep driving: Rarely seen. Drive while sleeping. This is a form of sleepwalking that is dangerous.

CAUSES OF PARASOMNIA:

There are so many possible causes of parasomnia. So many triggers are there to cause parasomnia. A list of triggers is given below:

  • Stress

  • Anxiety

  • Depression

  • Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

  • Drug abuse

  • Medications

  • Irregular sleep

  • Insomnia

  • Sleep deprived

  • Parkinson’s disease

Parasomnia in children:

Children with a neurological disorder like epilepsy or ADHD are more likely to fall asleep during the day. Other factors, such as anxiety and not getting enough sleep, can also contribute to insomnia. Children typically have a sleep-wake cycle that is not fully developed. Children are observed to have far higher levels of sobbing and terror than adults. Fear of sleeping alone. Parents should support their children if they are misbehaving instead of punishment. Parents should tell their child to use bathroom before going to bed.

SYMPTOMS OF PARASOMNIA:

You should see a doctor if:

  • Recurring dreams and nightmares

  • Sleep paralysis while sleeping and waking

  • Act out dreams

  • Sleep walking

  • Injuries happen to you, but you don’t know how

  • Others were telling you were screaming loud.

  • Get to know that you were eating food.

  • Bed wetting

  • Seen, heard, and felt things that are not real.

  • Feeling tired when awake

THERAPY OF PARASOMNIA

DIAGNOSIS OF PARASOMNIA:

A sleep specialist might ask you questions about the symptoms you experience while you sleep. Doctor will ask about any drug abuse, alcohol consumption or anything bad happened before. Any prescription or OTC medications you are currently using, your doctor tell you to keep a sleep log. Doctor will also tell the sleep partner to keep a record of your sleep events.

The doctor will conduct some tests, which consist of:

Polysomnography:

A sleeping lab in which a person is under observation while sleeping. The doctor will record brain waves, heart rate, eye movement, and breathing when the person is at rest. Video will note down your movement and behaviour. Some tests done at home but some are done in lab which are concern with parasomnia.

Video electroencephalogram (EEG):

A doctor is able to record brain activity during a brain event. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CT scanning are done to know the amount of depletion in the brain.

TREATMENT OF PARASOMNIA: 

Identify sleep problems and health issues, and medicines that induce insomnia are first checked. The management strategies for REM and non-REM sleep are as follows:

  • Maintain good sleep hygiene:

Nine hours sleep, switch off light, don’t use electronic devices before sleeping and keep the temperature cool. Avoid caffeinated drinks.

  • Maintain a routine sleep and wake schedule:

Sleep at the same time and wake up at the same time.

  • Bad habits:

Stop drug abuse and alcohol consumption.

  • Drugs on prescription:

Pay for all of the medications that your doctor has prescribed.

  • Treatment for Non-REM Sleep Disorder:

Medicines are not prescribed for this type of disorder. If medications are used, benzodiazepines are used to treat longer-lasting and potentially harmful insomnia. Tricyclic antidepressants are also sometimes used. Psychotherapy is also suggested for this disorder. CBT, hypnosis, and relaxation therapy are some examples of psychotherapy.

  • Treatment for REM sleep disorder:

Clonazepam and melatonin are common medicines that are used for REM sleep. Doctor will suggest best for you, medicine or psychotherapy after looking your history and medical condition.

How to keep the sleeping environment safe for sleep:

  • Lock any dangerous items out of the bedroom.
  • Secure lamps
  • Use of floor pads to avoid injuries
  • Pad the edge of the bedside
  • Keep a water bottle near your bed.
  • Put an alarm for sleepwalkers.
  • Sleep alone if the person is kicking or punching.

Parasomnia in children:

Non-REM parasomnia is common in children and ends in adulthood. Parents should assure their children that everything is fine. Medicines are rarely used, and when they are, they are only used for three to six weeks. Examples of medicines are benzodiazepines and anti-anxiety drugs.

CONCLUSION:

From the above article, it is concluded that, in parasomnia, people behave differently while they are sleeping. Walking, talking, mumbling, punching, and kicking are some of the acts done while sleeping. The person is unconscious and does not remember anything when he wakes up. The doctor’s suggested treatments include psychotherapy and benzodiazepines.